The petitioners, including Kunal Kamra, and the Editors Guild of India, challenged the amendment to the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (“IT Rules”) that mandated intermediaries to make reasonable efforts to not host, display, or share information identified as "fake or false or misleading" in respect of any business of the Central Government by a designated Fact Check Unit (FCU), arguing that it violates Articles 14, 19(1)(a) and 19(1)(g) of the Constitution of India, along with Section 79 of the Information Technology Act, 2000 (“IT Act”).